- *Core courses* (fundamental topics) 

- *Electives* (specialized tracks) 

- *Research/thesis/dissertation* 

- *Lab work/seminars* 

 

*Core Courses* 

1. *Advanced Communication Systems* 

   - Digital communication (modulation, coding, channel capacity) 

   - Wireless communication (MIMO, OFDM, 5G/6G) 

   - Optical communication and networks 

 

2. *Signal Processing* 

   - Digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms 

   - Adaptive filters, statistical signal processing 

   - Machine learning for signal analysis 

 

3. *Networks and Protocols* 

   - Telecommunication networks (SDN, IoT, QoS) 

   - Wireless sensor networks 

   - Internet protocols (TCP/IP, routing algorithms) 

 

4. *RF and Microwave Engineering* 

   - Antenna design, radar systems 

   - Microwave circuits and propagation 

   - RF integrated circuits (RFICs) 

 

5. *Information Theory and Coding* 

   - Shannon theory, error-correcting codes 

   - Cryptography and network security 

 

6. *Embedded Systems and VLSI* 

   - FPGA-based system design 

   - VLSI for communication systems 

 

7. *Stochastic Processes* 

   - Random variables, queuing theory 

   - Applications in network traffic modelling 

 

*Electives/Specializations* 

- *Wireless Technologies*: 5G/6G, satellite communication, cognitive radio 

- *Optical Networks*: Fiber optics, photonics, Li-Fi 

- *AI/ML in Communications*: Neural networks for signal processing, IoT optimization 

- *Quantum Communication*: Quantum cryptography, quantum networks 

- *Cybersecurity*: Encryption, intrusion detection, blockchain for networks 

- *IoT and Sensor Networks*: Edge computing, low-power protocols 

- *Advanced Antenna Systems*: Beamforming, phased arrays 

*Research/Thesis Work* 

- *Master’s*: 1–2 semesters of thesis work (e.g., designing novel communication protocols, optimizing wireless networks). 

- *PhD*: 3–5 years of original research (e.g., contributions to 6G standards, AI-driven signal processing). 

 

*Lab/Practical Components* 

- *Simulation Tools*: MATLAB, Simulink, NS-3, HFSS, CST 

- *Hardware Labs*: FPGA prototyping, antenna testing, optical fiber experiments 

- *Projects*: 

  - Designing a software-defined radio (SDR) system 

  - Implementing a machine learning-based signal classifier 

 

*Professional Development* 

- *Seminars/Workshops*: Industry trends (e.g., 6G, quantum communication) 

- *Internships*: Optional with telecom companies (Ericsson, Qualcomm, Nokia) 

- *Teaching Assistantships*: Supporting undergraduate labs/courses 

 

*Example Semester Breakdown (M.S.)* 

| *Semester 1*               | *Semester 2*               | 

|-------------------------------|-------------------------------| 

| - Advanced Digital Communication | - Wireless Networks           | 

| - DSP Algorithms              | - RF and Microwave Engineering | 

| - Stochastic Processes        | - Elective 1                  | 

| - Research Methodology        | - Elective 2                  | 

 

| *Semester 3*               | *Semester 4*               | 

|-------------------------------|-------------------------------| 

| - Thesis/Project Work         | - Thesis Defence & Submission |